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Ways of knowing

How looking became going

A traveler needed to know which way was on. A valley needed to know when the water would come. A name had to be written so a lamp could be found again.

Looking became going by these offices, one at a time.

  1. 01

    To orient

    Stars tell a traveler where they are and which way is on. Thuban once held north. Polaris holds it now. A canoe keeps a star on a bearing. A spacecraft locks a guide star so an antenna can face home.

    A night
  2. 02

    To keep time

    Rising and setting become calendars. Sopdet’s heliacal return marked an Egyptian year. Farmers, pilgrims, and priests used returns that could be seen without an observatory.

    A night
  3. 03

    To name

    A light acquires a name in a language. Al-Sufi wrote Greek figures and Arabic names on one page. IAU names, Bayer letters, and living Indigenous names are not one list.

    A night
  4. 04

    To measure

    Geometry enters the sky. Parallax. Period-luminosity. Spectroscopy. Fraunhofer mapped the Sun’s dark lines. Leavitt found a ruler in a pulse. Failed attempts belong here too.

    A night
  5. 05

    To discover

    The instrument changes the census. Galileo’s glass multiplied the stars. Payne read composition in a spectrum. Bell heard a dead star keeping time.

    A night
  6. 06

    To leave Earth

    Machines and people leave the planet and still need the sky. Apollo took star sightings. Voyager still uses a star to know which way it points.

    A night
  7. 07

    To go toward

    Other stars have planets. Some may be habitable. Proxima is near. 51 Pegasi b is not a home. The horizon of “where we are” changes anyway.

    A night