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29 May 1919

Starlight that bent, on two islands

A war has just ended. Two expeditions photograph stars beside the eclipsed Sun. The lamps are not where Newton left them.

Príncipe and Sobral

SPACECRAFT IMAGENASA. The Sun, our nearest star. Not the 1919 eclipse plates from Príncipe or Sobral. Those plates still exist in archives. This is not them.

The two skies

On 29 May 1919 the Moon covers the Sun. Stars near the limb should, if Einstein is right, appear slightly out of place: light grazing the Sun is bent. Eddington’s party on Príncipe has cloud and a few usable plates. The Sobral party has more. Dyson’s Greenwich program holds the comparison photographs taken when the Sun is not there.

They are not looking at the Sun as a god. They are using a dark Sun as a weight, and the field of stars as a grid.

What they reported

In November 1919 the results are read at the Royal Society. The deflection is closer to Einstein than to a null. Newspapers make a philosopher’s stone of it. The plates remain plates: measured star positions, some better than others. Later re-reductions still find a bending. The exact drama of the announcement is not the same thing as the astrometry.

Question

What is a star, if its place on a plate can weigh a theory of gravity?

Sources

Also this sky